const countOccurrences = (arr, val) => arr.reduce((a, v) => (v === val ? a + 1 : a), 0); // Examples countOccurrences([2, 1, 3, 3, 2, 3], 2); // 2 countOccurrences(['a', 'b', 'a', 'c', 'a', 'b'], 'a'); // 3