PYTHON

what does ^ do python

# This is a binary XOR
True ^ True # = False, as expected for xor

# For integers it's more complicated.  First we change the integers to
# binary.  Then we take each column one at a time and do xor on them.
8 ^ 3 # = 11.


"""
1000  # 8 (binary)
0011  # 3 (binary)
----  # APPLY XOR to each column
1011  # result = 11 (binary)
"""

what does % do in python

#  % returns the remainder 
12 % 2 #this will return 0
11 % 2 #this will return 1

what does % do in python

65 % 2
#This will be 1, since % will calculate the remainder of the variable
# % is the modulus operator