SQL

subquery

SELECT
    *
FROM
    tabela1 AS T
WHERE
    coluna1 IN
    (
        SELECT
            coluna2
        FROM
            tabela2 AS T2
        WHERE
            T.id = T2.id
-- a Subquery é um segundo select, por exemplo

subquery

CREATE TABLE Products
(
    Id INT IDENTITY PRIMARY KEY,
    ProductName NVARCHAR(30) NOT NULL,
    Manufacturer NVARCHAR(20) NOT NULL,
    ProductCount INT DEFAULT 0,
    Price MONEY NOT NULL
);
CREATE TABLE Customers
(
    Id INT IDENTITY PRIMARY KEY,
    FirstName NVARCHAR(30) NOT NULL
);
CREATE TABLE Orders
(
    Id INT IDENTITY PRIMARY KEY,
    ProductId INT NOT NULL REFERENCES Products(Id) ON DELETE CASCADE,
    CustomerId INT NOT NULL REFERENCES Customers(Id) ON DELETE CASCADE,
    CreatedAt DATE NOT NULL,
    ProductCount INT DEFAULT 1,
    Price MONEY NOT NULL
);


INSERT INTO Products 
VALUES ('iPhone 6', 'Apple', 2, 36000),
('iPhone 6S', 'Apple', 2, 41000),
('iPhone 7', 'Apple', 5, 52000),
('Galaxy S8', 'Samsung', 2, 46000),
('Galaxy S8 Plus', 'Samsung', 1, 56000),
('Mi 5X', 'Xiaomi', 2, 26000),
('OnePlus 5', 'OnePlus', 6, 38000)
 
INSERT INTO Customers VALUES ('Tom'), ('Bob'),('Sam')
 
INSERT INTO Orders 
VALUES
( 
    (SELECT Id FROM Products WHERE ProductName='Galaxy S8'), 
    (SELECT Id FROM Customers WHERE FirstName='Tom'),
    '2017-07-11',  
    2, 
    (SELECT Price FROM Products WHERE ProductName='Galaxy S8')
),
( 
    (SELECT Id FROM Products WHERE ProductName='iPhone 6S'), 
    (SELECT Id FROM Customers WHERE FirstName='Tom'),
    '2017-07-13',  
    1, 
    (SELECT Price FROM Products WHERE ProductName='iPhone 6S')
),
( 
    (SELECT Id FROM Products WHERE ProductName='iPhone 6S'), 
    (SELECT Id FROM Customers WHERE FirstName='Bob'),
    '2017-07-11',  
    1, 
    (SELECT Price FROM Products WHERE ProductName='iPhone 6S')
)

--1
SELECT *
FROM Products
WHERE Price = (SELECT MIN(Price) FROM Products)
--2
SELECT *
FROM Products
WHERE Price > (SELECT AVG(Price) FROM Products)
--3
SELECT ProductName,
       Manufacturer,
       Price, 
        (SELECT AVG(Price) FROM Products AS SubProds 
         WHERE SubProds.Manufacturer=Prods.Manufacturer)  AS AvgPrice
FROM Products AS Prods
WHERE Price > 
    (SELECT AVG(Price) FROM Products AS SubProds 
     WHERE SubProds.Manufacturer=Prods.Manufacturer)
--4
SELECT * FROM Products
WHERE Price < ALL(SELECT Price FROM Products WHERE Manufacturer='Apple')
--5
SELECT * FROM Products
WHERE Price < ANY(SELECT Price FROM Products WHERE Manufacturer='Apple')
--6
INSERT INTO Orders (ProductId, CustomerId, CreatedAt, ProductCount, Price)
VALUES
( 
    (SELECT Id FROM Products WHERE ProductName='Galaxy S8'), 
    (SELECT Id FROM Customers WHERE FirstName='Tom'),
    '2017-07-11',  
    2, 
    (SELECT Price FROM Products WHERE ProductName='Galaxy S8')
)
--7
UPDATE Orders
SET Price = (SELECT Price FROM Products WHERE Id=Orders.ProductId) + 2000
WHERE Id=1
--8
DELETE FROM Orders
WHERE ProductId=(SELECT Id FROM Products WHERE ProductName='Galaxy S8')
AND CustomerId=(SELECT Id FROM Customers WHERE FirstName='Bob')