Conventions Used in This Book

The following typographical conventions are used in this book:

Italic

Used for filenames and directory names, programs, compilers, tools, utilities, URLs, emphasis, and first use of a technical term.

Constant width

Used in code examples and to show the contents of files. Also used for tags, attributes, and environment variable names appearing in the text.

Constant width italic

Used as a placeholder to indicate an item that should be replaced with an actual value in your program.

Constant width bold

Used to highlight a particular section or change in code, such as a custom tag or a change in a transaction.