[พระเศียร] the head (of a Royal)

Buddhist supreme patriarch

[พระอธิการ] rector; head clergyperson

[พระอินทร์] Indra, a Hindu deity

[Royal word] age

Royal patronage of His Magesty the King

King Rama VI - Vajiravudh - reigned from 1910 to 1925

royal birth

to fear; [is] afraid of

[is] sparkling; glittering

full of; bristling with

fish sauce with chili

[combining form with ตะลึง and พรั่น]

suspicious behavior

citizen of Europe

[chemistry] Antimony, Sb, atomic number 51, a semi-metal used in alloys

[แร่พลวง] Antimony

[ต้นพลวง] [a tropical tree] Dipterocarpus tuberculatus

water power

simultaneously; concurrently; at the same time; in the meantime or interim

[พลาง ๆ] temporarily; briefly; fleetingly; for the time being; momentarily; simultaneously; concurrently; at the same time; in the meantime or interim

to overturn the established order; make exhaustive changes; effect dramatic change

gents; gentry; gentlemen

pluralistic society

rather rich; well-off

the sovereign of an ancient city state

a dry curry dish [as compared to แกง  a wet curry dish]

a breakthrough

commitment; obligation; duty; bond

Commerce

to fight or quarrel with, accost, pick a fight with, to bully

belligerent; bullysome

[คนพาล] bully; hooligan; delinquent; ruffian; vandal

[is] bad; wicked

[alternate spelling of วิทยา ]

blueprint; design; plan; overall perspective

[alternate spelling of วิฬาร์]