CODE EXAMPLE FOR CPP

C++ linked list iterator

template<class T>
class List;

class Iterator;

class Node {
    friend class Iterator;
    template<class T> friend class List;

protected:
    Node *next_, *prev_;

    void push_back(Node* n) {
        n->next_ = this;
        n->prev_ = prev_;
        prev_->next_ = n;
        prev_ = n;
    }

    void unlink() {
        Node *next = next_, *prev = prev_;
        next->prev_ = prev;
        prev->next_ = next;
        next_ = this;
        prev_ = this;
    }

public:
    Node()
        : next_(this), prev_(this)
    {}

    ~Node() { unlink(); }
};

class Iterator {
protected:
    Node* node_;

    Iterator(Node* node)
        : node_(node)
    {}

public:
    Iterator& operator++() {
        node_ = node_->next_;
        return *this;
    }

    bool operator==(Iterator b) const { return node_ == b.node_; }
    bool operator!=(Iterator b) const { return node_ != b.node_; }

    // Implement the rest of iterator interface.
};

template<class T>
class List {
    class NodeT : public Node {
        friend class List<T>;
        T value_;
        NodeT(T t) : value_(t) {}
    };

    template<class U>
    class IteratorT : public Iterator {
        friend class List<T>;
        NodeT* node() const { return static_cast<NodeT*>(node_); }
    public:
        U& operator*() const { return node()->value_; }
        U* operator->() const { return &node()->value_; }
        operator IteratorT<U const>() const { return node_; } // iterator to const_iterator conversion
        IteratorT(Node* node) : Iterator{node} {}
    };

    Node list_;

public:
    using iterator = IteratorT<T>;
    using const_iterator = IteratorT<T const>;

    ~List() { clear(); }

    bool empty() const { return list_.next_ == &list_; }

    iterator begin() { return list_.next_; }
    iterator end() { return &list_; }

    void push_back(T t) { list_.push_back(new NodeT(t)); }
    void erase(const_iterator i) { delete i.node(); }

    void clear() {
        while(!empty())
            erase(begin());
    }

    // Implement the rest of the functionality.
};

int main() {
    List<int> l;
    l.push_back(1);
    l.push_back(2);
    l.push_back(3);
    for(auto elem : l)
        std::cout << elem << ' ';
    std::cout << '
';
}