// ✅ With primitives
const arr1 = ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd'];
const value1 = 'e';
if (!arr1.includes(value1)) {
arr1.push(value1);
}
// ✅ With Objects
const arr2 = [{id: 1}, {id: 2}];
const value2 = {id: 3};
const index = arr2.findIndex(object => object.id === value2.id);
if (index === -1) {
arr2.push(value2);
}