JAVASCRIPT

moment get week

const currentWeekNumber = moment().week()

const weekNumberFromDay = moment('yyyy-mm-dd').week()

moment get weekday name

var m = moment().day(); // gives 4 for thursday, then you can do a switch

get week number of month from date moment

function test(mJsDate){
   var str = mJsDate.toLocaleString().substring(0, 3) +
             " number " + Math.ceil(mJsDate.date() / 7) +
             " of the month";
   return str;
}

for(var i = 1; i <= 31; i++) {
   var dayStr = "2014-01-"+ i;
   console.log(dayStr + " " + test(moment(dayStr)) );
}

//examples from the console:
//2014-01-8 Wed number 2 of the month
//2014-01-13 Mon number 2 of the month
//2014-01-20 Mon number 3 of the month
//2014-01-27 Mon number 4 of the month
//2014-01-29 Wed number 5 of the month