PYTHON

python classic singleton

class SingletonClass(object):
  def __new__(cls):
    if not hasattr(cls, 'instance'):
      cls.instance = super(SingletonClass, cls).__new__(cls)
    return cls.instance
   
singleton = SingletonClass()
new_singleton = SingletonClass()
 
print(singleton is new_singleton)
 
singleton.singl_variable = "Singleton Variable"
print(new_singleton.singl_variable)

python singleton

class Singleton:
    """
    A non-thread-safe helper class to ease implementing singletons.
    This should be used as a decorator -- not a metaclass -- to the
    class that should be a singleton.

    The decorated class can define one `__init__` function that
    takes only the `self` argument. Also, the decorated class cannot be
    inherited from. Other than that, there are no restrictions that apply
    to the decorated class.

    To get the singleton instance, use the `instance` method. Trying
    to use `__call__` will result in a `TypeError` being raised.

    """

    def __init__(self, decorated):
        self._decorated = decorated

    def instance(self):
        """
        Returns the singleton instance. Upon its first call, it creates a
        new instance of the decorated class and calls its `__init__` method.
        On all subsequent calls, the already created instance is returned.

        """
        try:
            return self._instance
        except AttributeError:
            self._instance = self._decorated()
            return self._instance

    def __call__(self):
        raise TypeError('Singletons must be accessed through `instance()`.')

    def __instancecheck__(self, inst):
        return isinstance(inst, self._decorated)

python singleton

@Singleton
class Foo:
   def __init__(self):
       print 'Foo created'

f = Foo() # Error, this isn't how you get the instance of a singleton

f = Foo.instance() # Good. Being explicit is in line with the Python Zen
g = Foo.instance() # Returns already created instance

print f is g # True

python singleton class

from threading import Lock, Thread


class SingletonMeta(type):
    """
    This is a thread-safe implementation of Singleton.
    """

    _instances = {}

    _lock: Lock = Lock()
    """
    We now have a lock object that will be used to synchronize threads during
    first access to the Singleton.
    """

    def __call__(cls, *args, **kwargs):
        """
        Possible changes to the value of the `__init__` argument do not affect
        the returned instance.
        """
        # Now, imagine that the program has just been launched. Since there's no
        # Singleton instance yet, multiple threads can simultaneously pass the
        # previous conditional and reach this point almost at the same time. The
        # first of them will acquire lock and will proceed further, while the
        # rest will wait here.
        with cls._lock:
            # The first thread to acquire the lock, reaches this conditional,
            # goes inside and creates the Singleton instance. Once it leaves the
            # lock block, a thread that might have been waiting for the lock
            # release may then enter this section. But since the Singleton field
            # is already initialized, the thread won't create a new object.
            if cls not in cls._instances:
                instance = super().__call__(*args, **kwargs)
                cls._instances[cls] = instance
        return cls._instances[cls]


class Singleton(metaclass=SingletonMeta):
    value: str = None
    """
    We'll use this property to prove that our Singleton really works.
    """

    def __init__(self, value: str) -> None:
        self.value = value

    def some_business_logic(self):
        """
        Finally, any singleton should define some business logic, which can be
        executed on its instance.
        """


def test_singleton(value: str) -> None:
    singleton = Singleton(value)
    print(singleton.value)


if __name__ == "__main__":
    # The client code.

    print("If you see the same value, then singleton was reused (yay!)
"
          "If you see different values, "
          "then 2 singletons were created (booo!!)

"
          "RESULT:
")

    process1 = Thread(target=test_singleton, args=("FOO",))
    process2 = Thread(target=test_singleton, args=("BAR",))
    process1.start()
    process2.start()

python singleton module

# mymodule.py

__all__ = ["mysingleton"]

class __MySingletonLike(object):
    def __init__(self):
        self._variable = 42

    @property
    def variable(self):
        return self._variable

    @variable.setter
    def variable(self, value):
        check_value(value) # imaginary validation
        self._variable = value


mysingleton = __MySingleton()