composer self-update
php composer.phar update
composer update
composer require doctrine/dbal
php7.3 -f /usr/local/bin/composer update
composer self-update
To update composer command just find location of composer.phar and update as:
where composer #Retrieves you location of your composer.phar
cd path_to_composer.phar #Move to directory with composer.phar
php composer.phar self-update #Update your composer