guardian spirit

[พระมหากษัตริย์] Great King; Monarch

[พระเยซู] [Thai transcription of the Greek] Ἰησοῦς; Jesus

[พระราชดำรัส] royal words; royal remark; royal observation royal speech

[พระราชพิธี] state ceremony

[พระราชหัตถ์เลขา] personal letter written by the (scribes of the) king

[พระวิษณุ] [Hinduism] “the Pervader,” one of a half-dozen solar deities in the Rig-Veda, daily traversing the sky in three strides, morning, afternoon, and night

[พระหัตถ์] [royalty] hand

[shortened form of พระบาทสมเด็จพระจอมเกล้าเจ้าอยู่หัว] King Rama IV - Mongkut

[หลวงพระบาง] Luang Prabang (ຫລວງພະບາງ); a city on the Mekong River in north-central Laos

to grant a royal pardon

[is] afraid; frightened; scared; terrified

to speak without stopping; talk incessantly

[of the eye(s)] to wink; to twinkle; to blink

at once; suddenly; quickly

in unison; all together; with agreement

[syllable of ไหวพริบ used in ชิงไหวชิงพริบ]

[sound of marching troops]

behavior; conduct; action; demeanor

a citizen; an inhabitant; people; population

group dynamics

solar energy

to miss an opportunity

[colloquial term for] fireworks; the loud crackling variety of fireworks; a cannon or rocket shot

wreath, usually for ceremonial purposes

exactly; just right

male merchant or trader

Port Vila, the capital city of วานูอาตู  (Vanuatu)

to collapse; to crash down; to tumble down; fall or break; to be in a ruined condition

[of an elephant] female

[is] collapsed; tumbled down; in ruin

[spoken pronunciation of] "Pantip dot com"

[พากเพียร] to persevere; stick to doing something

[alternate spelling of พาร์เส็ก]

[alternate spelling of ไพฑูรย์ ]

the National Museum