patrimonial state; kingdom

political science

nation-state

a weak government supported by a stronger force, e.g., the military

to impose economic austerity measures

"Indra's jewel," [referring to] the Emerald Buddha

[a key part of the formal name of Bangkok]

Rattanakosin, the formal name of the historical period that began with the establishment of Bangkok as the capital in 1782 and continues to today

[สมัยรัตนโกสินทร์] [Thai History] The Rattanakosin Period

to work as employee; to work for money; to hire oneself out; to make a living

to conduct activities to greet freshman students at a university

to acknowledge, recognize, or comprehend a piece of information; absorb (knowledge); become aware

[แพะรับบาป] scapegoat; fall guy

[alternate pronunciation of รัส]

air roots

admission

SEA Writing Award

[royal use only] the Royal Sentinel who must be นายทหารชั้นสัญญาบัตร

emperor

a rice and curry shop; small restaurant selling rice and curry

[alternate spelling of ราพณาสูร ]

[is] surrounded by; encircled by

[formal] like; as; same as; similar to

Thai circle dance

to confiscate; to appropriate

[is] sharp

forces, troops; an array of soldiers or forces; battalions

dawn

to have an inkling; to have a hunch

embarrassment

handy; skilled with one's hands

[Thai transcription of the foreign loanword] rennet; the milk-clotting or cheeze enzyme

[a Thai Buddhist ritual]

a small boat having sheltering cover